Contents

• John
• Oscar
• S
• Vinci

A/an; the

A/an refers to something general.
A/an 是指一般的東西。

E.g. I bought a coat yesterday.
我昨天買了一件外套。 [但沒指哪一件]

E.g. He works in an insurance company.
他在一間保險公司工作。 [但沒指哪一間]


*An is only used before words that sound like they begin with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u).


The refers to something specific.
The 是指具體的東西。

E.g. The man is selling his car.
這個男人在賣他的車。


Exercise: a / an / the / x (for nothing)



1. ---- Tower of London is ---- popular tourist attraction.

2. Newcastle is ---- town in ---- north of ---- England.

3. ---- Princess lives in ---- palace in ---- London.

4. ---- Buckingham Palace is where ---- Queen of England officially lives.

5. She bought ---- expensive necklace at ---- Harrods.

6. They went for ---- stroll around ---- St James' Park.

7. The supermarket is in ---- Kendell Street opposite ---- Lloyds Bank.

8. ---- hotel where they held their wedding reception was called ---- Grand Hotel.

9. Anna was born in ---- Italy but she lives in ---- U.S.A. now.

10. The convict is in ---- prison on ---- outskirts of town.

11. His favourite newspaper is ---- Guardian.

12. ---- Gatwick Airport is in ---- southern England.

13. ---- Duchess of York opened ---- new hospital in ---- center of London.

14. He went on ---- expensive holiday to ---- Bahamas.

15 ---- Statue of Liberty is in ---- New York.

16 ---- National Park was opened ---- last week by ---- mayor.

17 ---- expedition to ---- South Pole needs a lot of careful planning.

18. ---- Odeon cinema is in ---- Appleton Street just past ---- library.

19. Last month I saw ---- film and then went to ---- concert. ---- film was brilliant but ---- concert was boring.

20. There are three cars parked outside: ---- Mercedes, ---- Jaguar and ---- Fiat. Mine is ---- Fiat.

21. ---- Harrods is a huge department store near ---- Kensington Gardens.

22. ---- Hilton Hotel is situated near ---- River Thames.

23. I applied for ---- job last week. ---- job involved driving ---- van around the country.

24. ---- Tate Gallery is quite far from ---- Science Museum, so you'd better take a bus.

25. ---- Sales Manager has ---- cold, so he can't come to ---- meeting this afternoon.

26. I have ---- appointment at ---- dentist's this afternoon because I've got ---- toothache.

27. We spent ---- last summer on ---- island of Crete.

28. On ---- thirty-first of December, thousands of people gather in ---- Times Square, New York, to celebrate ---- coming of ----- New Year.

29. Of all ---- countries on ---- continent of ---- North America, Phil has only visited ---- Canada.

30. ---- universities of Oxford and Cambridge are two of ---- most famous universities in ---- Europe.

31. If you want to work abroad, why don't you contact ---- agency I went to in ---- Lamb Street?

32. ---- capital city of Spain, Madrid, is to ---- north of Seville.

33. ---- holiday I took in Rome was ---- best I've ever had.

34. ---- Detective Sherlock Holmes and his assistant, ---- Doctor Watson, solved ---- lot of mysteries.

35. I would love to spend ---- summer cruising in ---- Caribbean.

36. Mrs. Hamilton holds ---- flower arranging class in ---- Cathedral on Wednesday evenings.

37. The highest mountain in ---- world, ---- Mount Everest, is in ---- Himalayas.

38. There is ---- wonderful 1920's style restaurant-cafe in ---- Glasgow which has some of ---- most charming and helpful waiters I've ever seen.

39. ---- Balearic Islands lie to ---- south of Spain.

40. Julia is ---- extremely patient girl-she will have no problem in her career as ---- nanny.

41. Stephen has ---- seminar on Saturday morning, so we are not able to go to ---- ski-slopes until Sunday.

42. On Sunday we decided to go to ---- beach by ---- train, but by the time we got to ---- station ---- weather looked so threatening that we went to ---- cinema instead.

43. Sam lives in ---- little flat in ---- middle of the city. There is ---- pub nearby and ---- noise keeps him awake at night.

S

General English

• A/an; the

Oral Presentation

• Getting Started: The first two to three minutes of your talk are important. During this time, you'll make contact with the audience; introduce yourself and say a few words about your company; tell the audience the purpose of your talk; and give them a map of your presentation.

• Greeting, and introducing yourself and your company

Greeting, and introducing yourself and your company (問候，介紹你自己和你的公司)

Greeting the audience - Calling for attention (問候觀眾，引他們注意你)

➤ Show the audience that you're ready to start.
➤ Use the greeting to adapt your voice to the size of the room.

* Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen.
* Good afternoon everyone. Shall we begin?
* Ladies and gentlemen. Good morning. It's a pleasure to be here with you today.
* Good afternoon. If everybody's ready, I think we can begin now.


Introducing yourself and your company (介紹你自己和你的公司)

➤ If the chairperson of the session hasn't done so, introduce yourself and your company.
➤ Mention the key elements of your company: its main activities, its size, its location, etc.

* Let me introduce myself first. I'm Robert Vincent.
* I'd like to introduce myself. I'm Pierre Dupont from Dazzi Engineering.
* Before I begin, let me tell you a little about myself. I'm ...
* I'm with the CNRS—the French National Center for Scientific Research—in the Department of Solid State Physics.
* I work for Schneider Electric in the xxx department. Schneider is a world leader in the development and manufacture of ...
* Dazzi Engineering is a small but fast-growing company in Grenoble, in the heart of the French Alps. Our main activities are in the field of waste management. You may be familiar with some of the techniques we've developed for plastics recycling.
* I'm a research engineer with Electricité de France or EDF. EDF is the leading company for the production and distribution of electricity in France and throughout Europe.

Present Simple: to be

Affirmative (肯定語)
I am
you/we/they are
he/she/it is



Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with am, is, or are.

a) I ____________ a student.
b) My parents ___________ great people.
c) My sister ____________ very pretty.
d) Her cousins ___________ musicians.
e) His uncle ____________ at the movies.
f) My sister and I ___________ best friends.
g) Kara ___________ Kelly's sister-in-law.
h) My cat ___________ lazy.
i) Our aunt ____________ a French teacher.
j) You ___________ really tall!


Negative (否定語) ... + not

I am not
you/we/they are not
he/she/it is not


Interrogative (疑問)
am I?
are you/we/they?
is he/she/it?



Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences using the interrogative and negative forms.

a) I am a student.
I-
N-

b) She is a good friend.
I-
N-

c) They are soccer players.
I-
N-

d) We are brothers.
I-
N-

e) You are here.

Anna and Erin

Read the following passage and answer the questions below:

Anna and Erin are sisters.

Anna is 12 years old. She is an artist. She draws clouds, stars and the moon.

Erin is 7 years old. Today she goes to a restaurant with her mum and dad. They eat cake, cookies and ice-cream.

________________________________________

1) Anna is

A. an artist

B. a doctor

C. an actor

2) Anna draws things that are in the

A. ground

B. ocean

C. sky

3) Anna draws

A. shells

B. stars

C. flowers

4) Anna does not draw

A. the moon

B. clouds

C. trees

5) Anna probably also draws

A. airplanes

B. trees

C. fish

6) Where is Erin and her parents today?

A. They are at her house.

B. They are at a restaurant.

C. They are at school.

7) In this passage, Erin eats

A. breakfast

B. dinner

C. dessert

8) What food does Erin eat?

A. cake

B. cheese

C. bananas

9) Erin does not eat

A. pie

B. cake

C. cookies

10) Erin probably also eats

A. noodles

B. chocolates

C. sandwiches

John

Reading Comprehensions

• Anna and Erin

Grammar

• Present Simple: to be

The Announcement

Read:

Just announced: existing home sales hit an annualized rate of 5.03 million units during August. That exceeds the 4.70 million unit rate that had been expected, on average, among economists polled by InstaPoll.com. The pace is also up from the rate of 4.67 million units recorded during the previous month. The broad market hasn't reacted strongly to the data. However, homebuilders Genix (GEN 14.32, +0.22), ND Home (NDH 6.59, +0.15), and Home Group (HMG 4.54, +0.03) are all up nicely as investors anticipate that a rise in existing home sales portends an acceleration of the rate of new home sales.

______________________________________________


Questions: (10 marks each)


1) Which of the following would be the best title for this passage, and why?
A. Investors Favor Homebuilders
B. A Better Way to Build a Home
C. GEN and ND Home Register Big Gains
D. Led by Homebuilders, Stocks Hit New Highs

2a) As used in the passage, which is the best synonym for portends?
A. predicts
B. decreases
C. affects
D. authorizes

2b) Explain the meaning of the sentence in your own words.

3a) This passage would most likely be found
A. in a high school economics textbook
B. in a book on twenty-first century economics
C. in a manual outlining stock market rules and regulations
D. on a real-time stock market trading website

3b) Why do you think so?

Oscar

Grammar

1. Tenses (Present Forms - Past Forms - Future Forms)
• Present Simple
• Present Continuous
2. Infinitives / The -ing Form / *Gerunds or Infinitives? / Too - Enough / Participles
3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons
4. Nouns - Articles - Word Formation
5. Modal Verbs
6. The Passive - Have Something Done
7. Reported Speech
8. Emphasis - Inversion
9. Conditionals - Wishes - Had Better / Would Rather -Unreal Past
10. Clauses - Linking Words
11. Pronouns - Possessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers
12. Questions and Answers - Words Often Confused

* = Not in Textbook


Reading Comprehension

• The Announcement
• Octopus

Octopus

Read:


Some people say that the best defense is a good offense; an octopus, however, would disagree. In addition to being one of the strangest and most beautiful creatures in nature, the octopus has some of the most inventive and effective defense mechanisms imaginable. While other animals have teeth, horns, or claws to help defend them from predators, the octopus concentrates its energy on hiding from and confusing its attackers. When it wants to get away, the octopus has an impressive arsenal of tricks at its disposal.

The most well-known of the octopus’s defense mechanisms is its ability to squirt clouds of ink into the water. Some octopi use this cloud of ink as camouflage; after squirting the ink, the octopus retreats into the ink cloud where the predator cannot see it. Other octopi use the ink cloud as a decoy. If a large, intelligent predator such as a shark knows that octopi use ink clouds for camouflage, it might simply attack the ink cloud blindly, hoping to make contact with the octopus inside. However, some sneaky octopi will release the ink cloud in one direction and scurry away in another direction, leaving the predator with nothing but a mouthful of ink. In addition to confusing predators’ sense of sight, these ink clouds also confuse their sense of smell. The ink is composed primarily of melanin (the same chemical that gives human skin its color), which can shut down a predator’s sense of smell. If an octopus cannot be seen or smelled, it has a much higher chance of escaping an attack.

Another defense mechanism possessed by many octopi is the ability to change color, much like a chameleon. Most animals get their skin color from chemicals in the skin called chromatophores (melanin is one of these chromatophores). Chromatophores might contain yellow, orange, red, brown, or black pigments, and the amount of each pigment present in the skin determines an animal’s color. While most animals are always the same color, some species of octopi can control the amount of each color pigment in their skin cells, allowing them to change color. Some poisonous octopi, when provoked, will change their skin to a bright, eye-catching color to warn predators that they are dangerous and ready to strike. Other octopi use this ability to change their skin to the color and texture of seaweed or coral, allowing them to blend in with their environment. Finally, some octopi—such as the mimic octopus—use this color-changing ability to masquerade as another type of animal. The body of an octopus is highly flexible, and some species can combine this flexibility with their color-changing skills to make themselves resemble more dangerous animals such as sea snakes or eels.

Yet another defense mechanism possessed by some octopi is the ability to perform an autotomy, or self-amputation, of one of their limbs and regrow it later. Many species of skink and lizard also possess this ability, which allows them to shed their tails when caught by a predator and therefore get away. When a predator catches a tentacle the octopus can amputate this tentacle, thereby unfettering itself, and regrow the tentacle later. Some octopi, however, are even cleverer. When threatened by a predator, these octopi will shed a tentacle before being attacked in the hope that the predator will go after the detached tentacle rather than the octopus itself.

While the octopus may not be the most vicious creature in the ocean, its numerous and clever defense mechanisms help it to survive in the dangerous undersea world.


______________________________________________


Questions:


1) Which of the following sentences from the passage best expresses the main idea?
A. The most well-known of the octopus’s defense mechanisms is its ability to squirt clouds of ink into the water.
B. Some people say that the best defense is a good offense; an octopus, however, would disagree.
C. Another defense mechanism possessed by many octopi is the ability to change color, much like a chameleon.
D. When it wants to get away, the octopus has an impressive arsenal of tricks at its disposal.

2) The author claims in paragraph 1 that an octopus would disagree with the statement “the best defense is a good offense” because
A. octopi employ more defensive than offensive capabilities
B. octopi possess good defensive and offensive capabilities
C. octopi can protect themselves from teeth, horns, and claws
D. not all octopi possess the same defense mechanisms

3) Which of the following statements best describes the organizational structure of paragraphs 2-4?
A. The author lays out several reasons to support the argument that the octopus has the best defense mechanisms of any sea creature.
B. The author devotes one paragraph each to explaining three different defense mechanisms possessed by the octopus.
C. The author devotes one paragraph each to highlighting three potential threats to the octopus and how the octopus deals with each one differently.
D. The author compares and contrasts three different defense mechanisms employed by the octopus.

4) According to the passage, which of the following statements about the chemical melanin are true?
I. An octopus’s ink is composed primarily of melanin.
II. Melanin is a chromatophore.
III. Like the octopus, chameleons use melanin to change color.
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III

5) As used in paragraph 4, which of the following is the best synonym for unfettering?
A. freeing
B. regrowing
C. amputating
D. sacrificing

6) The final paragraph can best be described as a
A. prediction conclusion, in which the author looks toward the future
B. full circle conclusion, in which the author incorporates and builds on a word or theme from the introduction
C. solution conclusion, in which the author proposes a solution to a problem posed earlier in the passage
D. summary conclusion, in which the author restates the passage’s main idea

Present Simple

We use the present simple...in an awful lot of situations -__-

That may include:

• Permanent states: I go to school.
• It is part of your sad little life.
• Repeated actions: We play basketball.
• Basketball is a hobby.
• Routines: He has English class every week.
• Something that happens in equal periods of time (every-whatever).
• General truths; laws of nature: The heart pumps blood around the body.
• Congratulations. You pass your biology class.... ._.
• Timetables: The schoolbus arrives at 8:00am.
• Make sure you don't miss it.
• Programmes: You can watch live NBA on t.v. at 5:00pm tomorrow.
• Ditto.
• Commentaries: LeBron James drives baseline with the behind the basket one-handed reverse dunk.
• Check out the video here.
• Reviews: In the movie "Oz: The Great and Powerful", James Franco plays the part of a circus magician.
• Watch the trailer here.
• Narration, usually in plays or live acts: Cosette trembles fearfully on her way to get water from the well.
• She is a character from the novel Les Misérables. Learn more about her here.
• Give instructions on how to do something (NOT orders): You mix all the ingredients together and then you leave it to set overnight. (NOT: Mix all the ingredients together...)

The present simple can be used with the following time expressions:

usually, often, always, frequently, sometimes, every day/week/month/year, in the morning/afternoon/ evening, at night, at the weekend, on Mondays, etc etc etc.

These time expressions talk about now, the present, but also talk about what could have happened in the past or what will happen. Because the meanings of these expressions are so broad and can be used so generally, they can be associated with the simple present tense.


Exercise 1  (20 marks)

We have listed TEN situations where the Present Simple may be used. Think of one sentence for each of these situations, and write them down to create a passage for yourself.


Exercise 2  (50 marks)


A) Underline the correct verb forms.

1) Andy wash/washes/washs the family car.

2) The girls do/does/dos the shopping.

3) It am/are/be/is a beautiful day today.

4) John often play/playes/plays handball.

5) Mr. Black write/writes/writs e-mails in the evenings.

6) Do you like/likes/liks milk in your tea?

7) His friend go/goes/gos to school.

8) Am/are/be/is I correct?

9) Every morning my mother get up/get ups/gets up at 6 o'clock.

10) Mandy and Susan watch/watches/watchs films every weekend.


B) Which answers are correct?

1) Which verb forms are correct?

•  he flies
•  he flys
•  he livees 
•  he lives 
•  he workes 
•  he works 

2) Which of the following words are used with the Simple Present (signal words)?

•  always 
•  at the moment
•  every day
•  now 
•  often 
•  sometimes 
•  yesterday 

3) Which verb forms go with the Simple Present?

•  Infinitive
•  Infinitive + -ed 
•  Infinitive + -ing 
•  Infinitive + s 
•  have + Infinitive + -ed

4) To which verbs/auxiliaries can >not< be added?

•  am 
•  are 
•  can 
•  is
•  play 
•  read 
•  speak

5) Which sentences/questions are in the Simple Present?

•  Do you speak Spanish? 
•  He's 15. 
•  I'm in room 201. 
•  She didn't help her mother.
•  She doesn't like milk.
•  She drives a car. 
•  We are reading a book. 

C) Which sentences/questions are correct?




1) Which question is in the Simple Present?

•  From where do you come?
•  Where do you come from?
•  Where does you come from? 
•  Where dos you come from? 

2) Which question is in the Simple Present?

•  Do she work in an office? 
•  Do she works in an office? 
•  Does she work in an office?
•  Work she in an office?
•  Works she in an office? 

3) Which negative sentence is in the Simple Present?

•  We do'nt work in a bank.
•  We does not work in a bank. 
•  We don't work in a bank.

4) Which negative sentence is in the Simple Present?

•  He do not reads a book. 
•  He does not read a book.
•  He is not reading a book. 
•  He not read a book. 

5) Which sentence is in the Simple Present?

•  He has read a book. 
•  He is reading a book. 
•  He read a book.
•  He reads a book.
•  He will read a book. 

D) Fill in the verbs in brackets into the gaps.

Example: He never writes a letter.

1) Jill  two children. (to have)

2) She  to Menorca every summer. (to fly)

3)   you  English? (to speak)

4) Peter  e-mails. (not/to write)

5) The pupils  songs in the classroom. (to sing)

6)   she  stamps? (to collect)

7) The boys  computer games. (not/to play)

8) I often  to the cinema. (to go)

9) Andy's brother  in an office. (to work)

10) She  my sister. (to be)


E) Negate the sentences.

Example: He works on the computer. - He does not work on the computer.

1) The kite flies into the air.


2) The children know the answer.


3) Sandy washes her hair.


4) Kevin plays basketball.


5) He is from Spain.


6) I run to school.


7) Mr Smith teaches French.


8) She sits on a chair.


9) Anne and Sue carry a box.


10) Steve can make breakfast.




F) Form questions.

Example: where / they / to have / breakfast

Where do they have breakfast?

1) where / she / to live


2) you / to walk / to school


3) what / they / to eat / for breakfast


4) Frank / to read / comics


5) Marie and Joe / to like / homework


6) why / you / to ride / your bike


7) can / Ron / to speak / English


8) to be / Peter / from Austria


9) when / his mum / to come / home


10) how / Linda / to go / to the park

Present Continuous

We use the present continuous...for lazing around.

Nah, just kidding ._. We use it for:

• Actions Now: taking place at this very moment.
• You are staring at these words 0.0
• Temporary Actions: actions that are going on around now, but not at the actual moment of speaking).
• I'm studying more these days. I'm lying more too. =.=
• Frequent Actions: actions which happen very often, usually to express annoyance, irritation or anger. It is used with adverbs such as: always, constantly, continually, etc.
• I'm constantly playing computer games when I have the time. (happens very often)
• You're always interrupting me in the middle of a game. (expressing annoyance/irritation)
• Planned Actions: actions that we have already arranged to do soon, especially when the time and place have been decided.
• They're playing the finals next Tuesday. (The time has been decided.)
• We are going to Macau in July. (The place has been decided. Lucky you.)
• Dynamic situations: for changing or developing situations.
• More and more species are becoming extinct.

The present continuous is used with the following time expressions:

now, at the moment, at present, these days, still, nowadays, today, tonight, etc.



Exercise 1  (10 marks)

We have listed FIVE situations where the Present Continuous may be used. Think of one sentence for each of these situations, and write them down to create a passage for yourself.


Exercise 2  (40 marks)

Fill in the blanks with the correct tense or put down an "X" if there is no change.

1. They (dislike) _________ talking about it.
2. They (never help) _________ me and I am sad about it.
3. I (mean) _________ what I say, do you hear me?
4. _________ he (come) _________ with us tonight?
5. Children (love) _________ kittens.
6. Why  you (not/do) _________ your homework?
7. She (always/come) _________ to class late.
8. Your work (check) _________ right now.
9. We (have) _________ a party next Sunday.
10. The shirt (fit) _________ you perfectly.
11. The number of applicants (increase) _________ throughout the whole period.
12. I (not see) _________ Peter tonight.
13. She (realize) _________ everything quite clearly.
14. We (believe) _________ this situation is temporary.
15. You (always lose) _________ your cellular phones.
16. I (not read) _________ any books right now. 
17. They really (hate) _________ staying on their own.
18. He (hear) _________ strange noises now and then.
19. We can see that the amount of waste (reduce) _________ gradually.
20. Which is he doing? _________ he (walk) _________ or (run) _________?
21. I (imagine) _________ my vacation on the beach.  
22. She (never tell) _________ the truth and it is annoying.
23. _________ you (listen) _________ to music or can I turn it off?
24. I (write) _________ this exercise.
25. The situation (depend) _________ on our decision.
26. Our washing machine (repair) _________ right now.
27. I (not/like) _________ them because they (always complain) _________ about everything.
28. She (visit) _________ her cousin next month.
29. It (always/impress) _________ me greatly.
30. The process (stabilize) _________  steadily.
31. They (always/get) _________ up early in the morning and they like it.
32. She is a misery guts! She (constantly complaining) _________ about the weather.
33. The price (include) _________ service.
34. The representatives (involve) _________ us into this project.
35. What  you  (do) _________ here?
36. The TV (always break) _________.
37. They (owe) _________ us a fortune.
38. Justin (write, currently) _________ a book about his adventures in Tibet.
39. Usually, I (work) _________ as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study) _________ French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris. 
40. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) _________ because everybody (talk) _________ so loudly. 

Exercise 3  (30 marks)

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses

A Trekking Journal

November 12, 1997

Today (be) _________ the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I (be) _________ exhausted and my legs (shake) _________ ; I (wish) _________ I am able to complete the trek. My feet (kill, really) _________ me and my toes (bleed) , but I (want, still) _________ to continue.

Nepal is a fascinating country, but I (have) _________ a great deal to learn. Everything (be) _________ so different, and I (try) _________ to adapt to the new way of life here. I (learn) _________ a little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I (learn, not) _________ foreign languages quickly. Although I (understand, not) _________ much yet, I (believe) _________ that I (improve, gradually) _________.

I (travel, currently) _________ with Liam, a student from Leeds University in England. He (be) _________ a nice guy, but impatient. He (walk, always) _________ ahead of me and (complain) _________ that I am too slow. I (do) _________ my best to keep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than I am. Maybe, I am just feeling sorry for myself because I (get old) _________.

Right now, Liam (sit) _________ with the owner of the inn. They (discuss) _________ the differences between life in England and life in Nepal. I (know, not) _________ the real name of the owner, but everybody (call, just) _________ him Tam. Tam (speak) _________ English very well and he (try) _________ to teach Liam some words in Nepali. Every time Tam (say) _________ a new word, Liam (try)  _________ to repeat it. Unfortunately, Liam (seem, also) _________ to have difficulty learning foreign languages. I just hope we (get lost, not) _________ and have to ask for directions.

Exercise 4  (20 marks)

Place the correct verbs and tenses into the blanks:

stand // play // sleep // go // listen // sit // have // work // come // speak

• Ann ___________ to school, but today she has a day off.
• Look at Liz. She ___________ in the corner because she is in trouble.
• A: What is your job? // B: I ___________ in a hospital.
• How many languages does she ___________?
• What toy is the kid ___________ right now?
• Excuse me! I think you ___________ at my desk.
• How does he ___________ to work? He always takes the bus.
• Are the Williams ___________ lunch at the hotel this evening?
• Teacher: Daniel,  you  ___________ to me? I am explaining an important subject now!!!
• I’m so tired! The baby never ___________ at night.

Butterfly

Read the following passage:


The butterfly is a beautiful and delicate insect. It has four thin wings. The wings have many different colours on them. As time passes, the colours on its wings fade. This means they lose colour, and are not as bright.

Sunlight can make things fade. For example, an old car that sits in the sun will lose its colour.

Butterflies live all over the world. Most butterflies live where it is very warm and not too dry.


Answer the following questions:



1) What is a butterfly?
A. a reptile
B. an insect
C. a mammal


2) How many wings does a butterfly have?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6


3) According to the passage, what happens to a butterfly as it gets older?
A. Its wings fall off.
B. It becomes a caterpillar.
C. The colours on its wings fade.


4) As used in paragraph 3, which things fade?

• I. a hat that sits in the hot sun for days
• II. a sweater that you hang in the closet for years
• III. a T-shirt that you wear to bed every night

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I, II, and III


5) Using information in the passage, we can understand that butterflies can live

• I. in a meadow where it is warm
• II. near a river where it is wet
• III. in the desert where it is dry

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I, II, and III


6) According to the passage, butterflies are

• I. beautiful
• II. delicate
• III. dangerous

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I, II, and III
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Learn the following vocabulary:


delicate 嬌嫩 - easily broken
fade 掉色 - losing colour
sunlight 陽光 - sunshine
reptile 爬蟲 - cold-blooded animals that creep or crawl
insect 昆蟲 - tiny animals, usually has six legs or more
mammal 哺乳動物 - animals with hair or fur that drinks milk from their mothers
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Write sentences with the following words:

• delicate _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

• fade__________________________________________________________________________________________________

• insect ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Vinci

___________________________

• Butterfly